Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Today the number of people with diabetes exceeded 422 million, it is forecasted that until 2035 this number will increase up to ½ billion. Globally, 10 times more people are living with diabetes than with HIV.
There are 3 types of diabetes:
– type 1 diabetes – the body does not make insulin. This group consist of about 5% of all diabetes.
– type 2 diabetes – the more common type (90-95% of diabetes), the body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.
– prediabetes – the blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. Estimated over 86 million people are in that group. Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes. It is said that 15-30% of people with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes within 5 years if they do not make lifestyle changes now.
Surprisingly, 1 out of 4 people doesn’t know they have diabetes. Worth to remember having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious problems. It can damage eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes.
Gut microbiota interacts with various host sensing and signalling pathways, leading to a modulation of the endocrine system, immune responses, nervous system activity, and hence, the predisposition to metabolic diseases. Gut microbiota dysbiosis drives and implies new therapeutic strategies for diabetes and related metabolic diseases. Based on that we are developing a new class of supportive treatment.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. It can occur at any stage of pregnancy but is more common in the second half. The problem affects an estimated 14% of pregnant women worldwide.
It occurs if the body cannot produce enough insulin – a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels – to meet the extra needs in pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes can cause problems for the mother and her baby during and after birth. As the research said, 1 in 7 births is affected by gestational diabetes. Complications to a mother include future diabetes, preeclampsia and eclampsia. To a baby, it is hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia, preterm and respiratory distress, overweight, type 2 diabetes, jaundice. The risk of these problems can be reduced if it’s early detected and managed well.